2007年8月14日 星期二
周婉芬《如何認識及處理孩子的情緒 》
書名: 如何認識及處理孩子的情緒
作者: 周婉芬
出版日期: 2002/01
頁數: 72
國際書號: 9629506238
====
聆聽的秘訣
1. 留心及專注的聆聽 (有眼神接觸, "唔..唔..."回應及點頭)
2. 接納及明白 (不宜批評及教訓)
3. 用說話反映孩子的情緒
(e.g. 媽咪都知你好唔開心....)
(忌:問太多 (點解嬲?), 教訓(你不應大聲說話), 否定情緒(好小事, 唔好哭), 批判(你太小氣)
Case study:
1. 孩子:為甚麼我不能買那個玩具車,小明也有?
父母:你已經有好多玩具,不能看見別人有也要買。
(孩子心想:媽咪都有好多衫啦!點解佢又買?)
Preferred answer: 父母:知你好想要,不過唔買 (no need to give reason)
2. 孩子練琴時說:太難了,總是彈錯,我不學了
父母:様様都難,彈得多自然覺得容易
(孩子心想:她不明白我有多難,迫我去練)
3. 孩子覺得功課好難,放下筆說:我最憎做功課同埋返學
母親:讀書是你的責任,你是否想做乞丐?
(孩子心想:講下之麻,駛唔駛咁惡,返學真係好慘,你都唔明白)
2007年7月31日 星期二
周婉芬《觸動 : 細訴我們的生活感悟》
書名: 觸動 : 細訴我們的生活感悟 / 周婉芬...[等]
我將内容化為Q&A。如你遇到以下情況你首先會說什麼?
Q1: 如果家中的很老的老人家說:「昨天爬上碌架床上,很辛苦才拆下了那幅舊窗簾布來洗,那窗簾已有很多年沒洗滌過了!」
Q2: 當小朋友幫手洗碗時打破一只湯碗。
Q3: 當媽媽問:「你是否在家吃了飯才上夜課?」,點答?
Q4: 當孩子因摔倒而哭。
Q5: 如果學生作弊,當留堂等見家長時怕媽媽鬥而逃走,作為老師你會...
======================== Answer ========================
A1:
(Normal Answer) 那很危險的,若不幸跌到,沒有人知的話......
(Good Answer)你爬上去這麼辛苦,又要拆下來清洗,對你這麼大年紀的人來說,是十分不容易的了,你真能過。不過,那很危險的,若不幸跌到,沒有人知的話......(story at P.14 婆婆哭了)
A2:
(Normal Answer) 邊個打欄碗,做咩咁唔小心
(Better Answer) 有冇受傷呀,做咩咁唔小心 (story at P.17 渴望母愛的童年)
A3:
(Normal Answer) 是 or 否...
(Better Answer) 是否有野同我講? (P37 媽媽飯前的一句話)
A4:
(Normal Answer) 怎麼會摔倒?
(Better Answer) 真是很疼,媽媽也明白為甚麼妳哭得那麼厲害!.... 不用怕,哭過便會好一點!(P62, 尊重和平等)
A5:
(Normal Answer) 明天罰埋偷走
(Better Answer)我明白你昨天是因害怕見到母親,受到她的責罵才選擇離去,而我亦感受到你因此不開心和流淚。如果因此要懲罰你,那麼,昨天你己得到應有的懲罰,因此,我已決定不再就此事將你處分;但作弊一事則必須懲處。(P94, 作弊的學生)
========
書目記錄號碼 2338001
書名: 觸動 : 細訴我們的生活感悟 / 周婉芬...[等]
出版者: 香港 : 香港撒瑪利亞防止自殺會, 2003.
稽查項 145 頁 ; 14 公分.
備註: 封面書名.
主題: 中國文學總集附加
著者: 周婉芬
其他書名: 細訴我們的生活感悟
Call No: 848 2200
2007年7月26日 星期四
Book Review: How to Raise a Money-Wise Child
children. Good to share.
Benny
==========================
Book: How to Raise a Money-Wise Child
Publisher: HK Institute of Certified Public Accounts
First print in 2006
Text by Howard Tang
ISBN: 988-98362-8-9
==== Age 3-5: ====
Objective: Understanding the value of cash
Action: teach children start making the proper association between
money and what it can buy is to let them hand the cash to supermarket
or cashiers. This way, they can concretely see that money, in various
amounts, can bring them things they recognise and know.
Objective: (Handling of 利是) Counting of money is important
Action: It's important for them to count the money themselves because
first, they need to know it belongs to them, and second, they need to
know that counting it correctly is an extremely important matter.
Objective: (Piggy banks 豬仔錢罌) Introducing children to the concept of
saving. With a piggy bank, children associate money with saving even
before they learn to spend it. Piggy bank can demonstrate starting the
idea of "breaking the bank".
Action: Save money in piggy bank, or use individual piggy banks for
separate purposes: saving, spending, and sharing to clearly
demonstrate the differences amongst the three. Or use a transparent
piggy banks so show the progress.
==== Age 6-9: ====
Objective: Learn right attitude to recognize "want" versus "need"
Action: tell them classmates have Nike shoes doesn't mean it's a need
Objective: Aware of money, let them know that everything costs
something, and that money is earned.
Objective: instilling moral values along with money management values
(i.e. money is the means to support happiness, not the happiness
itself)
Objective: A sense of personal responsibility
Action: if you break it (e.g. a glass cup), you buy it.
Objective: (use allowance 零用錢) to learn budgeting and self control skill
NOTE: not to associate misbehaviour with money (e.g. 唔乖扣零用錢) because
it lost the change to learn budgeting control and give a wrong idea
that if they have money, they have the right to misbehave.
Objective: learning concept of bank account
Action: Buy a notebook and record the debit/credit/balance to make a
personal bank account
NOTE: learning financial responsibility. Only four columns: Date,
Debit, Credit and Balance. Make sure you children keep and update heir
own savings book to learn responsibility and sense of ownership.
Objective: Incentive to save
Action: Give them interest 利息 for their personal bank account (e.g. 1%
per month)
Objective: Learn concept of debit card (i.e. Octopus)
Action: Set specific yet loosely regulated rules for Octopus card
usage (e.g. used primarily for public transportation, even thought it
can be used for other common purchases such as snacks). Let them
decide and deal with the consequences.
Objective: Learn comparison shopping
Action: Take children through he aisles in a supermarket and look for
the best purchase based on price and quality. Also learn paying $10
for two instead of $8 for one for promotional item.
Objective: Learn Impulse shopping
Action: For a request, ask them to shop around and look for prices.
Then concluded that it may take four months of savings to buy.
NOTE: The point of the impulse shopping exercise is to guide your
child through his or her thinking process regarding spending their own
money. There is no "impulsive" factor if it is parent's money.
Allowing kids to make mistakes is an excellent lesson.
NOTE: Learning comparison and impulse shopping should by united front,
i.e. all family members do the same and say "no" on request
Objective: No award for responsibility (e.g. exam result)
NOTE: It's OK to award monetarily for science fair, writing contest
Suggested item with award: Winning a tennis tournament, winning a
spelling bee, helping to paint the house, setting up electronics
Suggested item without award: Getting into a dream school, getting an
A in math, cleaning their room, baby-sitting siblings.
Objective: Domestic helper can help children to stay within budget,
having the help of a daily monitor
Action: Insist to children that when parents are not there, the family
assistant is in charge.
Objective: effective teaching and let kids know parents are always accessible
Action: Use 3G phone to punished or reward immediately, if necessary
==== Age 10-12 ====
Objective: develop an individual sense of ownership and responsibility
Action: Open a real bank account with joint name of parent
Objective: cultivating and reinforcing the right attitude toward
financial responsibility
Action: enrol your children in community service trips during the
summer or as family vacations.
NOTE: Orphanages 孤兒院 serve as an ideal community service targets for
children because they can relate to the audience - children. Working
with other children can further reinforce the fact that money can
affluence, or having parents or a family for that matter, are not
things to be taken for granted.
Objective: Teach you children to give something a chance, before
giving up or not liking it.
Action: Trips to underdeveloped countries.
NOTE: Also teach the concept of foreign currencies and exchange
rates, and budgeting.
Objective: Build a relationship based on trust, communicate and not control
Action: Some believed that earlier children are exposed to family
finances, the better. Not to hide relative bankrupt, etc. Explain the
family financial problem to children.
2007年3月28日 星期三
怎樣教孩子自動自覺
近日睇完林瑞芳的「怎樣教孩子自動自覺」,主要講如何改善孩子的行為,適合幼兒園及小學的家長睇。本書寫得非常好,理論實例 並重,引用香港調查及例子,每章都有精要總結。如果快三個小時都可以睇完。可能這是我睇的第一本關於教育心理學的書,所以覺得非常有得著。有興趣可買返本 或到圖書館借。
========================================
書名:怎樣教孩子自動自覺 – 作者:林瑞芳(港大學 心理學系助理教授, 82/中大崇基/歷史、83/教育學院/歷史)
========================================
Personal Notes:
自動自覺的一個主要因素就是內發動機(ie. 對活動本身有自發的興趣)
而動機並非源自對該活動的熱愛,便是出自外控動機。(e.g. 獎罰)
若把進行活動的原因由外在轉化成內在,把調控活動的模式由外在轉化成內在,例如認同了活動的目的和價值,便無須獎罰而能自動自覺
轉化層次 (Self-determination Theory by Edward L. Deci, Richard M. Ryan):
1. (最差) 外在調控 External Regulation =>
2. 內攝調控 Introjected Regulation (自我控制、關乎自我形象、內在獎罰) =>
3. 認同調控 Identified Regulation (行為結果關乎自我目標) =>
4. (最好) 整合調控 Integrated Regulation (行為結果關乎自我價值 pursues behavior because they symbolize what is important to the person’s sense of worth)
父母希望孩子內化他們要求,其實就是要求孩子內化他們的價值取向。父母要檢討自己的看法。自動自覺不一定好,最重要是為何自動自覺。
所有孩子都喜歡看見自己增長能力。所有孩子都喜歡做帶來成功感的活動。孩子對此有內發動機,會自動自覺去做,無需旁人監控。
孩子不喜歡學習,不是因為他們不再喜歡看見自己增長能力,而是有太多的學習活動不容他們增長能力,而且只帶來失敗,不帶來成功。
所有孩子都能學習。只要學習項目的難度調較得宜,再笨的孩子也能增長能力,也能嚐到成功的滋味。
以比較或競爭的勝利來界定成功 (e.g. 全級排名),即使能力再強的孩子也會失敗。
相信能力不變的孩子(e.g. 成日俾人閙死蠢)、遇上挫折會容易衍生絕望無助感。要孩子遠離這種感覺,便要讓孩子相信只要肯努力,能力也可以改變。
讓孩子有能力、有自信、我們便要給予孩子合程度的學習活動,以進步達標為成功的指標,而且要讓孩子相信能力非天定。
影響內發動機除了性情外,還有自主自決的感覺。
自主權可能只是主觀的感覺 (e.g. 你做A功課 or B功課先?其實冇得選擇都要做晒)
獎賞不一定能剌激孩子積極做事。(e.g. 老教授俾錢年青人make noise兩天後開始唔俾錢,年青人反而唔嘈)。受控制羈縻的感覺使孩子覺得那一個被獎賞的活動沒有甚麼內在價值。(e.g. 物質獎勵個完功課便會減少做功課在內心中的價值)
培養自主性包括培養他承擔自己所做事情的後果 (e.g. 唔執玩具引致唔見左玩具,父母千奇唔好買返。)
好父母之道不能只給予愛護與自由,更要對孩子行為有一定的要求。所要求的就是成熟負責的行為。只有愛護和自由,沒有了要求,只是放縱。只有要求而沒有愛護和自由便是專制。
要求孩子做某一事情時,能提供合理的理由,孩子會較容易接受。
原因除了要合理外,更要用體諒婉轉的語言說出。我們既要曉之以理,也要動之以情。
開明民主的父母,其子女的成長最好。民主包括尊重孩子的性情喜好,容許孩子自主自決,和孩子講道理,重視孩子的感受。
東方人較容易因應對方的良好關係(e.g. 良好親子/師生關係)而內化對方的意見或要求。
內化過程中,能力、自主和關係是三個重要由素。
越是覺得父母民主的孩子(e.g. 讓他們自已選科、做決定是徵詢孩子意見)也就越覺得父母關懷和愛護他們。
Trapping陷阱作用:如果孩子對有關活動一點興趣也沒有,獎賞便能提升他的動機,起碼他有做這個活動的外控動機。但不能只停留在外控動機,必須往內化的方向走。
訂立獎罰規矩的方法:
- 規矩的三部分:1. Trigger (time/ place / situation); 2. 行為 (e.g. 不做功課, 分享玩具), 3. 後果
- 規矩要簡潔,所列的行為是孩子可做到的,並盡可能讓孩子選擇懲罰和獎勵。
- 要孩子承擔行為後果時,父母讓孩子解釋他的行為。除了讓他有一個公平的自辯機會外,更讓他說出他在甚麼情況下做了甚麼事情,從而協助他分析自己的責任。
- 在實施規定的後果前,父母有必要向孩子解釋其中的原因。講明白道理,其實是要孩子思考他的行為和後果之間的關係,促使他內化有關的活動。這樣處理,可以把懲罰的重點轉移到事件的前因後果上,而非停留在父母要罰他的程序上。在講理的氣氛下,孩子較肯受罰,也較少懷恨。當然,父母在解釋理由時,最好能運用體諒婉轉的語言說出。
- 在實施規定的後果後,父母最好能向孩子提供適當的輔導,協助他處理情緒,改過和避免犯同樣的事。罰了以後,要讓孩子知道父母在任何情況下仍然愛他,父母不愛的只是他的某一些行為。愛與關懷的力量能軟化最倔強的人。
- 在執行規矩的同時,父母要努力營造一個孩子不容易或不願意違反規矩的家庭環境。換句話說,這是營造孩子能自動自覺的家庭環境。如果父母對孩子的要求合理、能讓孩子增長能力和自信、容許孩子發展自主自決的能力、使孩子感到關懷和愛護、那些規矩大概只能備用、其後果不會常常施行。
| 正在檢索: | 書名 = 怎樣教孩子自動自覺 | |
| 書目記錄號碼 | 2224776 | ||
| 著者: | |||
| 書名: | 怎樣教孩子自動自覺 = Self-motivated / 林瑞芳作. | ||
| 出版者: | 香港 : 成長綜合服務中心, 2002. | ||
| 稽查項 | 162 頁 : 插圖 ; 19 公分. | ||
| 叢書項: | 幼吾幼系列 | ||
| 備註: | 封面書名. | ||
| 主題: | |||
| 其他書名: | Self-motivated | ||
| 標準號碼 | 962816225X | ||
2007年2月15日 星期四
免費教育電子通訊 (Hong Kong)
1. 香港教育城 http://www.hkedcity.net ==> 學長易學站 ==> 家長易學報
2. 教統局「家長電子專遞」http://www.emb.org.hk/ebulletin/
3. 教協 http://hk.groups.yahoo.com/group/ptu_enews/
==========================================
1. 香港教育城家長易學報 (HKEdCity.net)
登記家長易學報可到以下網址http://www.hkedcity.net/tools/newsletter/change.phtml 或從教育城首頁http://www.hkedcity.net ==> 學長易學站 ==> 家長報登記。
==========================================
2.教統局「家長電子專遞」
登記教統局「家長電子專遞」可到以下網址 http://www.emb.org.hk/ebulletin/
最新一期「家長電子專遞」 http://www.emb.gov.hk/index.aspx?langno=2&nodeID=3466
教統局會定期通過「家長電子專遞」發佈最新的教育措施。
==========================================
3. 教協教育通訊
ptu_enews-subscribe@yahoogroups.com.hk
詳情可參閱 http://portal2.hkptu.org/modules/news/